I take the terms happiness, utility, well-being, life satisfaction, and welfare to be interchangeable… Richard Ainley Easterlin, 2003
Contributors to happiness:
- Sense of control: you can actually change a situation
- Sense of purpose: there are things you want to achieve
- Self-efficacy: you're pretty confident you can do what's needed to get closer to your goals
- Sense of progress: you are moving forward and getting closer to your goals
- Social inclusion: other people care about you
- Social intimacy: somebody really cares about you
- Family: there are people with whom you feel deeply connected and will make sacrifices for
- Social reciprocity: you are part of a web of deep caring and commitment
- Social status: some people look up to you
- Positive social comparison: at least you’re doing better than…
- Health: you don't feel like shit
- Predictability: you’re pretty sure the world will be much the same tomorrow
- Safety: you don’t have to look around your shoulder all the time
- Security: you can relax – eternal vigilance not required
- Challenge: the reward is often in the overcoming
None of this is to imply that happiness is the be-all end-all. Or that more happiness is always better than less happiness. There are a lot of other things to care about than how we’re feeling at any given time.
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References:
Argyleand, M. & Martin, M. (1991) The psychological causes of happiness. Chapter 5 in Subjective well-being: an interdisciplinary perspective Fritz Strack, Michael Argyle, Norbert Schwarz (Eds.) Oxford: Pergamon Press, 77-100.
Diener, E. & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189–216.
Easterlin, R. A. (2003). "Explaining happiness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(19): 11176-11183.